OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users cannot act beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area often result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions outside a user's authorized limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - Security misconfiguration occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are incorrectly set up from a security standpoint, thereby introducing vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve breakdowns or compromises in the software building, distribution, or update processes. They are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies upon which the system relies.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous challenges, such as CPU performance limits and private key/certificate management, have been mitigated by modern CPUs with dedicated encryption acceleration instructions (e.g., AES support) and streamlined management services like LetsEncrypt.org. Major cloud vendors also offer tightly integrated certificate management for their platforms. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to determine which data requires encryption at rest and which requires additional encryption in transit (at the application layer, OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets demand extra protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations like the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a system flaw that permits attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate system commands. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category representing various weaknesses, often described as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is distinct from other Top Ten risk categories. There is a clear difference between insecure design and insecure implementation: they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects that create exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be resolved by a perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never designed to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker can trick a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code and data being treated as trusted. For example, this occurs when an application relies on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them (e.g., by checking signatures) before use.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without robust logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches remain undetectable. Furthermore, without effective alerting, it is difficult to respond quickly and effectively during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting mechanisms hinder the ability to initiate active responses at any time.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This typically involves one or more of the following failures: the application does not prevent an unusual situation, does not identify it as it occurs, or responds poorly or not at all after the event.

We will discuss and present the practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls.
- Secure access controls and best practices.

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations.
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including the use of configuration management and automation tools.

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures, such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management.
- The importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security.

Injection Attacks
- A detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection.
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping.

Insecure Design
- Exploring design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation.
- Studying strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles.

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues.
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling.

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering.
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks.

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- The importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities.
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early.